EXPERT AND SPECIALIST IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The normative-legal regulation of participation in a criminal case of carriers of special knowledge is aimed at solving evidentiary problems in this case. The common for Russia and Kazakhstan Soviet and relatively different post-Soviet practice of solving these problems made it possible to identify similar problems of lawmaking and law enforcement, which in the latest criminal procedure laws of both states are solved in part similarly, in part somewhat differently, including in determining the procedural status of an expert and specialist. The common thing is the preservation of both procedural figures for participation in the case of carriers of special knowledge, which is not typical for most foreign legal systems. The article proves that the main delimiting criteria for the status of an expert and a specialist, which were considered indisputable in Soviet times - the fact of conducting research and giving conclusions on their results only by experts – in modern conditions have lost their relevance according to both compared laws. The only criterion for such a distinction has been retained – a purely procedural one – the legal fact of the appointment of a forensic examination as the basis for the emergence of the procedural status of an expert. The final conclusion is made about the inexpediency of maintaining two procedural statuses of knowledgeable persons in both national systems of criminal procedure.

1. Bernam, U. Pravovaja sistema SShA: 3-j vypusk. / U. Bernam. – M.: «Novaja justicija», 2006. – 1216 s.

2. Koehler, K. Der amerikanische Psiychiater als Sachverständiger vor Gericht: ein Vergleich mit der Praxis in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland [Electronic resource] / K. Koehler // Der psychiatrische Sachverständige im Strafrecht / Hermann Witter. MedR Schriftenreihe Medizinrecht (MEDR), 1987. – S.215-227. – Access mode: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-83117-1_9 (Access data: 19.07.2023).

3. Tarasov, A.A. Jekspert i specialist v ugolovnom processe Rossii: monografija. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. / A.A. Tarasov. – M.: Prospekt, 2019. – 128 s.

4. Konstitucija i zakony Sojuza SSR. – M.: Izdatel'stvo «Izvestija sovetov narodnyh deputatov SSSR», 1983. – 639 s.

5. Podol'nyj, N.A. Znachenie special'nyh znanij dlja rassledovanija prestuplenij / N.A. Podol'nyj // Teorija i praktika fundamental'nyh i prikladnyh issledovanij v sfere sudebno-jekspertnoj dejatel'nosti i DNK-registracii naselenija Rossijskoj Federacii: materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (13

6. oktjabrja 2022 g.); otv. red. F.G. Aminev. – Chastnoe uchrezhdenie «Nauchno-issledovatel'skij institut problem pravovogo gosudarstva». – Ufa, 2022. – S. 167-172.

7. Psichologische Begutachtung im Strafverfahren: Indikationen, Methoden und Qualitatsstandards [Electronic resource] / Hans-Ludwig Kræber ´ Max Steller (Hrsg.). – Berlin: German Pages, 2005. – 222 s. – Access mode: https://dokumen.pub/psychologische-begutachtung-im-strafverfahren-indikationen-methoden-und-qualitatsstandards-2-berarb-und-erw-aufl-9783798515086-3798515085.html (Access data: 19.07.2023).