CRIMINAL LAW COUNTERACTION TO PIRACY IN THE CASPIAN SEA IN RUSSIA, KAZAHSTAN AND AZERBAIJAN

This author offers a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, establishing liability for piracy (Article 227 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Article 271 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan) and robbery at sea (Article 219.1.3 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan). It examines the content and structure of piracy/robbery offenses in these countries, the specifics of their spatial application and their relationship with the international legal concept of piracy, as well as the sanctions for committing these acts. Particular attention is paid to the legal issues arising from the specific legal regime of the Caspian Sea as an enclosed body of water, and the specifics of classifying attacks on vessels in this region. Based on this analysis, proposals are formulated for the harmonization of national criminal law norms and the development of multilateral cooperation among the Caspian states in the fight against piracy.

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