THE MIGRATION REGIME AS A TOOL FOR CONTROLLING AND PREVENTING TERRORISM: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL (DOMESTIC) APPROACHES

The article examines contemporary migration control systems as a key instrument for ensuring national and international security in the context of growing transboundary threats, including international terrorism, irregular migration, and organized crime. Particular attention is paid to the role of biometric technologies in personal identification, automation of border control procedures, and prevention of the use of fraudulent documents. The experience of the United States, the European Union, and the countries of the Middle East and Central Asia is analyzed, revealing differences in regulatory models, levels of centralization, and the balance between security measures and the protection of human rights. It is demonstrated that the U.S. model prioritizes national security, the European Union emphasizes a balance between security and individual rights, while a number of Middle Eastern and Central Asian states adopt an approach of enhanced state control. Special focus is placed on the prospects for improving Kazakhstan’s migration policy through the integration of advanced technologies and legal safeguards. The article concludes that the effectiveness of biometric systems directly depends on the institutional maturity of the state, the level of personal data protection, and public trust in governmental institutions.

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