THE PLACE AND ROLE OF OPERATIONAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE SYSTEM OF LEGAL SCIENCES

The article examines the theoretical status of operational-search activity, which remains a subject of scientific debate. The purpose of the study is to analyze its legal nature and substantiate its status as an independent branch of law. Based on a formal legal analysis, the duality enshrined in the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Operational-Search Activity” and the institute of covert investigative actions is examined. The main scientific positions are considered – from recognizing it as a sub-branch of criminal procedure to asserting its independent branch status.

The authors argue for the necessity of distinguishing operational-search law as an independent branch, relying on its specific subject, complex method, and the practical challenges of digitalization. Six key functions of the theory are identified: doctrinal-regulatory, methodological, integrative, prognostic, protective, and institutionaldevelopmental. It is concluded that the branch-based formalization of operational-search activity is necessary to strengthen legality, increase the effectiveness of the fight against crime, and develop legal science.

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