PROCEDURAL DUALISM AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTRADICTIONS IN THE STATUS OF THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS WITH JURY PARTICIPATION: THE KAZAKHSTANI EXPERIENCE AND GLOBAL TRENDS

This article explores the theoretical, legal, and practical aspects of the dual nature of the public prosecutor’s role in criminal proceedings involving jury trials in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author examines the contradictions between the prosecutorial oversight and accusatory functions during the trial stage, which create procedural imbalances and reduce the effectiveness of public prosecution. It is emphasized that under adversarial proceedings with jury participation, the merging of roles – where the public prosecutor simultaneously acts as a party to the prosecution and as a guarantor of legality – contradicts the principles of fair trial.

Particular attention is given to the correlation between the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, especially Articles 58 and 83. The article substantiates the need for legislative delineation between the concepts of “prosecutor” and “public prosecutor”, and proposes a revised version of Article 7 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

A comparative legal analysis of foreign models of criminal prosecution is conducted, including systems in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, France, and several post-Soviet states. The author concludes that institutional reform is necessary to ensure objectivity and equality of arms in jury trials.

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