TERMINOLOGICAL INCONSISTENCIES IN THE CRIMINAL AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF CONFISCATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDS

The article explores terminological inconsistencies in the criminal and criminal-procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan related to the confiscation of criminal proceeds. The study provides a theoretical and comparative-legal analysis of the categories “obtained illegally” and “obtained through crime”, revealing their incompatibility with the General Part of the Criminal Procedure Code (Article 118), the Criminal Code (Article 218), and international standards of FATF and the United Nations. Based on international conventions and comparative practice, the author substantiates the necessity of harmonizing terminology in Chapter 71 of the CPC of Kazakhstan. The proposed amendments aim to ensure legal certainty, systematic coherence of national legislation, and compliance with the universal concept of proceeds of crime, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of criminal-procedure mechanisms for confiscation and anti-money-laundering enforcement.

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