INSTITUTE OF GOOD FAITH IN CIVIL LAW

The article examines the institute of good faith in civil law as a fundamental principle that ensures a balance between formal compliance with the law and the achievement of a fair outcome. The historical origins of the category are analyzed, beginning with Roman law and the German tradition, as well as its modern consolidation in the legal systems of France, Germany, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Theoretical problems are noted, including the uncertainty of the content of good faith, its correlation with the freedom of contract, and the risks of judicial subjectivism. Particular attention is paid to the judicial practice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, where the principle of good faith is applied to protect the rights of bona fide purchasers, in contractual relations, and in identifying abuses of rights. A comparative analysis has revealed differences in the approaches of national and foreign courts, as well as the need to unify Kazakhstani judicial practice and to legislatively clarify the criteria for good faith conduct. Proposals are made for improving legislation, judicial practice, and legal education.

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