ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF LIABILITY FOR CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

This article provides a retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the system of criminal liability for offenses (crimes) in the sphere of economic activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In the course of the study, the author examines the evolution of legislation, starting from the Soviet period (Criminal Code of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic of 1959), through the stage of the establishment of independence (Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 1997), to its modern state (Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 2014).

The paper emphasizes the interconnection between the transformation of the state's economic system and the modernization of criminal law standards. Particular attention is paid to the processes of humanization, decriminalization, and the introduction of the somewhat controversial institution of criminal infractions.

Based on the results of the retrospective analysis of domestic criminal legislation concerning liability for offenses (crimes) in the sphere of economic activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan, conclusions and proposals are formulated aimed at a prospective and consistent modification of the modern criminal law policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the economic field through a phased transformation of the criminal law framework for ensuring the state's economic security.

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