Preview

Bulletin of the Law Enforcement Academy

Advanced search

PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF HYBRID WARFARE

https://doi.org/10.52425/25187252_2025_38_246

Abstract

The article examines the process of legitimizing existing phenomena that have not yet acquired their official international legal status. The issue of the legitimacy of private military companies as a phenomenon currently undergoing the process of legitimization is being studied. Private military companies are the result of two processes: privatization, when private military companies assume security functions in order to solve problems previously inherent in the armed forces of states, and globalization, when, for example, a private military company defends the interests of Multinational corporations that do not have a clear state affiliation. Due to the fact that modern warfare is hybrid, and modern conflicts are more often asymmetric, respectively, it is difficult to oppose traditional military forces to them, and therefore the main actors of such military conflicts, which have the character of hybrid wars, such as private military companies, which today have an uncertain status in the international community, come out on top. public law. The author substantiates the conclusion that it is necessary to clearly define private military companies in international law and establish an international body that would establish unified rules and ensure control over their activities.

About the Authors

D. N. Bekezhanov
Zhetysu University named alter I. Zhansugurov
Kazakhstan

Bekezhanov Dauren Nurzhanovich – Head of the Department of Legal Disciplines Zhetysu I. Zhansugurov University, PhD, Associate Professor.

Taldykorgan c.



S. A. Alzhankulova
Zhetysu University named alter I. Zhansugurov
Kazakhstan

Alzhankulova Svetlana Abildakhodzhaevna – Lecturer of the Department of Legal Disciplines of Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov, Candidate of Legal Sciences.

Taldykorgan c.



References

1. Hoffman, F.G. Hybrid Threats: Reconceptualizing the Evolving Character of Modern Confict. Strategic Forum / F.G. Hoffman. – Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University, 2009. – 240 p.

2. Nilsson, N. Hybrid Threats and the Intelligence Community: Priming for a Volatile Age / N. Nilsson, M. Weissmann, V. Palmertz // International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. – 2025. – № 38 (1). – Рр. 1-23.

3. Sarjito, A. The Role of Private Military Companies in Defense Policy and Military Operations / A. Sarjito // Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS). – 2023. – Vol. XII. № 1. – Рр. 38-53.

4. Urueña-Sánchez, M. Private military and security companies: towards an operational definition for international humanitarian law. Empresas privadas militares e de segurança: rumo a operacional para o direito humanitário internacional / M. Urueña-Sánchez, H.O. Alonso // Revista Criminalidad. – 2022. – № 64 (2). – Рр. 47-61.

5. Ike, T.J. Insecurity, Counterterrorism and the Use of Private Military and Security Companies in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study / T.J. Ike, et al. // Journal of Asian and African Studies. – 2025. – № 60 (6). – Рр. 3879-3897.

6. Skejhill, D. Blackwater: samaja mogushhestvennaja naemnaja armija v mire; per. s angl. A.Ju. Kolgashkina, D. Skejhill. – M.: Kuchkovo pole; Institut vneshnepoliticheskih issledovanij i iniciativ, 2015. – 480 s.

7. Ponomarev, V. Chastnye voennye kompanii: agenty strategii neprjamyh dejstvij / V. Ponomarev // Azimut nauchnyh issledovanij: jekonomika i upravlenie. – 2019. – № 2 (27). – S. 27-30.

8. Bures, O. Bridging which gaps? The European Union’s use of private military and security companies in common security and defence policy missions / O. Bures, E. Cusumano // Defense and Security Analysis. – 2025. – № 41 (3). – Рр. 464-489.

9. Coon, D. Threats to United States fully reviewed and strategic plan for integration of transgender military members into the armed forces / D. Coon, P.M. Neira, B.D. Lau // American Journal of Public Health. – 2018. – № 108 (7). – Рр. 892-894.

10. Radin, A. Hybrid Warfare in the Baltics. Threats and Potential Responses / A. Radin. – Santa Monica, Calif, 2017. – 48 p.

11. Sajfullin, Je.K. Dokument Montrjo kak instrument regulirovanija chastnyh voennyh i ohrannyh kompanij: kontekst prinjatija i analiz polozhenij / Je.K. Sajfullin // Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel'stva i sravnitel'nogo pravovedenija. – 2022. – № 3. – S. 107-116.


Review

For citations:


Bekezhanov D.N., Alzhankulova S.A. PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF HYBRID WARFARE. Bulletin of the Law Enforcement Academy. 2025;(4 (38)):246-255. (In Kazakh) https://doi.org/10.52425/25187252_2025_38_246

Views: 83

JATS XML


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2518-7252 (Print)
ISSN 3079-4609 (Online)