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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikacademy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник академии правоохранительных органов </journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Law Enforcement Academy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2518-7252</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3079-4609</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия правоохранительных органов при Генеральной прокуратуре Республики Казахстан</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52425/25187252_2026_39_189</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikacademy-305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПУБЛИЧНОЕ И ЧАСТНОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COMPARATIVE LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГИБРИДНЫЕ ВОЙНЫ, СМЕШАННЫЕ ВООРУЖЕННЫЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ГУМАНИТАРНОГО ПРАВА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HYBRID WARS, MIXED ARMED GROUPS AND THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амиров</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirov</surname><given-names>N. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амиров Нурлан Кузембаевич – ассистент-профессор школы Права и государственного управления, кандидат юридических наук</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amirov Nurlan Kuzembaevich – Associate Professor of the School of Law and Public Administration, Candidate of Law</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nurlan.amirov.00@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашыралиева</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashyralieva</surname><given-names>В. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ашыралиева Баян Советбековна – доцент кафедры социально-гуманитарных наук, кандидат юридических наук</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ashyralieva Bayan Sovetbekovna – Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Sciences, Candidate of Law</p><p>Almaty</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lira.muza.75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Нархоз</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Narkhoz University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет международного бизнеса имени К. Сагадиева</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>K. Sagadiev University of International Business</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1 (39)</issue><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>197</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Амиров Н.К., Ашыралиева Б.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амиров Н.К., Ашыралиева Б.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amirov N.К., Ashyralieva В.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikacademy.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/305">https://vestnikacademy.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/305</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются особенности гибридных войн как новой формы вооруженных конфликтов XXI века, объединяющих военные, политические, экономические, кибернетические и информационные методы воздействия. Особое внимание уделено роли смешанных вооруженных формирований, включающих регулярные и нерегулярные компоненты, а также проблеме их правового статуса в контексте международного гуманитарного права. Рассматриваются положения Женевских конвенций 1949 года, Дополнительных протоколов 1977 года и практика международных трибуналов, включая дело Tadić (1995), в части критериев интенсивности и организации конфликта. Отдельное внимание уделено приложимости принципов международного гуманитарного права к кибероперациям в свете Таллиннского руководства по международному праву, применимому к кибервойне (2013 г.). Подчеркивается, что гибридный характер конфликтов не освобождает стороны от соблюдения гуманитарных норм.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the characteristics of hybrid wars as a new form of armed conflict in the 21st century, combining military, political, economic, cyber, and informational methods of influence. Special attention is given to the role of mixed armed groups that include both regular and irregular components, as well as the issue of their legal status within the framework of international humanitarian law (IHL). The study examines the provisions of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the 1977 Additional Protocols, and the practice of international tribunals, including the Tadić case (1995), with respect to the criteria of intensity and organization of a conflict. Particular attention is paid to the applicability of IHL principles to cyber operations in light of the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare (2013). The article emphasizes that the hybrid nature of conflicts does not exempt parties from complying with humanitarian norms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибридная война</kwd><kwd>Женевская конвенция</kwd><kwd>Дополнительный протокол</kwd><kwd>Таллиннское руководство</kwd><kwd>конфликт</kwd><kwd>международное гуманитарное право</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hybrid war</kwd><kwd>Geneva Convention</kwd><kwd>Additional Protocol</kwd><kwd>Tallinn Manual</kwd><kwd>war</kwd><kwd>international humanitarian law</kwd><kwd>states</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caliskan, M. Hybrid Warfare through the Lens of Strategic Theory / M. Caliskan // Defense and Security Analysis. – 2019. – № 35 (1). – Pp. 40-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caliskan, M. 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