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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikacademy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник академии правоохранительных органов </journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of the Law Enforcement Academy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2518-7252</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3079-4609</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Академия правоохранительных органов при Генеральной прокуратуре Республики Казахстан</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52425/25187252_2025_38_274</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikacademy-209</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПУБЛИЧНОЕ И ЧАСТНОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COMPARATIVE LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО И СТАТУС УЧАСТНИКОВ ВООРУЖЕННЫХ КОНФЛИКТОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE STATUS OF PARTICIPANTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токтыбеков</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toktobekov</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Токтыбеков Темир Абикенович – ассоциированный профессор кафедры юриспруденции и международного права Университета Туран, кандидат юридических наук.</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Toktobekov Temir Abikenovich – Associate Professor of the Department of Jurisprudence and International Law at Turan University, Candidate of Law Sciences.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">toktybekov.prok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буранбаева</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buranbayeva</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буранбаева Салиман Рахмановна – старший преподаватель высшей школы Бизнес и право Казахского национального аграрного исследовательского университета.</p><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Buranbayeva Saliman Rakhmanovna – Senior Lecturer at the Higher School of Business and Law of the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University.</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lalu.manu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Туран</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Turan University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный аграрный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazakh National Agrarian Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4 (38)</issue><fpage>274</fpage><lpage>283</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Токтыбеков Т.А., Буранбаева С.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Токтыбеков Т.А., Буранбаева С.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Toktobekov T.A., Buranbayeva S.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikacademy.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/209">https://vestnikacademy.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/209</self-uri><abstract><p>В современном мире, где локальные и масштабные вооруженные столкновения продолжают охватывать разные регионы, тема привлечения к ответственности за военные преступления остается крайне насущной. Войне нельзя найти оправдания, поскольку она неизбежно сопровождается жестокостью и насилием. Тем не менее, даже в ходе боевых действий противоборствующие стороны обязаны соблюдать нормы международного права, чтобы предотвратить излишние жертвы и разрушения. Международное гуманитарное право четко разграничивает две категории участников конфликта – комбатантов и гражданских лиц. Такое различие необходимо для понимания того, кто непосредственно участвует в сражениях, а кто нуждается в особой защите. В этой статье особое внимание уделяется анализу документов, определяющих статус как прямых участников вооруженных конфликтов, так и мирных жителей. Для глубокого исследования проблемы были рассмотрены Женевские конвенции 1949 года и Дополнительные Протоколы к ним 1977 года. Особый акцент сделан на Дополнительном Протоколе I, развивающем ключевые положения Женевских конвенций о защите жертв международных вооруженных конфликтов. Эти документы регулируют права комбатантов и гражданских лиц, а также большое внимание уделяют статусу медицинского персонала и духовенства в условиях войны. Кроме того, в работе анализируются как международные, так и немеждународные вооруженные конфликты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the contemporary world, where both local and large-scale armed conflicts continue to affect various regions, the question of accountability for war crimes remains highly pressing. War can never be justified, as it is inherently accompanied by brutality and violence. Nevertheless, even during hostilities, parties to a conflict are obligated to adhere to the norms of international law to minimize unnecessary casualties and destruction. International humanitarian law distinctly categorizes conflict participants into two groups: combatants and civilians. This distinction is essential for determining who is directly engaged in hostilities and who requires special protection. This article places particular emphasis on the analysis of legal instruments that define the status of both direct participants in armed conflicts and civilians. For a thorough examination of the issue, the study refers to the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their 1977 Additional Protocols. Special attention is given to Additional Protocol I, which elaborates on the principal provisions of the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of victims of international armed conflicts. These instruments regulate the rights of combatants and civilians while also addressing the status of medical personnel and clergy during armed conflicts. Furthermore, the study considers both international and non-international armed conflicts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комбатант</kwd><kwd>гражданское лицо</kwd><kwd>вооруженный конфликт</kwd><kwd>международное гуманитарное право</kwd><kwd>ООН</kwd><kwd>война</kwd><kwd>Женевские конвенции</kwd><kwd>Дополнительные протоколы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сombatant</kwd><kwd>civilian</kwd><kwd>armed conflict</kwd><kwd>international humanitarian law</kwd><kwd>the United Nations</kwd><kwd>war</kwd><kwd>Geneva conventions</kwd><kwd>Additional protocols</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M.K. Gandhi. 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