vestnikacademyВестник академии правоохранительных органов Bulletin of the Law Enforcement Academy2518-72523079-4609Академия правоохранительных органов при Генеральной прокуратуре Республики Казахстан10.52425/25187252_2025_38_217vestnikacademy-202Research ArticleУГОЛОВНЫЙ ПРОЦЕССCRIMINAL PROCEDURE, CRIMINALISTICS, FORENSIC EXPERTISEМОДЕЛИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЧАСТНОГО СЫСКА В ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАНАХ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИХ АДАПТАЦИИ В КАЗАХСТАНЕMODELS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF PRIVATE INVESTIGATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR ADAPTATION IN KAZAKHSTANШаяхметовШ. Ш.ShayakhmetovSh. Sh.

Шаяхметов Шакир Шамильевич – Первый заместитель руководителя Судебной администрации Республики Казахстан, кандидат юридических наук, доцент.

Астана

Shayakhmetov Shakir Shamilevich – First Deputy Head of the Judicial Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Candidate of Law Sciences, Associate Professor.

Astana

shayhmet@mail.ruСмаиловЕ. А.SmailovY. A.

Смаилов Ердаулет Аскарович – главный консультант Отдела координации работы местных судов Судебной администрации Республики Казахстан.

Астана

Smailov Yerdaulet Аскарович – Chief Consultant Department for Coordination of Local Courts Judicial Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Astana

yerdauelts@gmail.comСудебная администрация Республики КазахстанКазахстанJudicial Administration of the Republic of KazakhstanKazakhstan20250805202604 (38)217226Copyright © Шаяхметов Ш.Ш., Смаилов Е.А., 20262026Шаяхметов Ш.Ш., Смаилов Е.А.Shayakhmetov S.S., Smailov Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnikacademy.ejournal.kz/jour/article/view/202

В статье рассматриваются существующие модели правового регулирования частной детективной деятельности (частного сыска) в зарубежных странах – в первую очередь, в Европейском союзе, Соединенных Штатах Америки и странах СНГ. Проведен анализ институциональных и правовых подходов: от строгой государственной регламентации с лицензированием и надзором до децентрализованных и фрагментарных систем. Выявлены основные преимущества и недостатки различных моделей. Особое внимание уделено возможности адаптации зарубежного опыта в Казахстане – предлагаются рекомендации по внедрению лицензирования, созданию надзорного органа, интеграции частных детективов в правовую систему и соблюдению международных стандартов прав человека. Сделан вывод о необходимости сбалансированного подхода, позволяющего легализовать и контролировать частный сыск в Казахстане, избегая чрезмерной зарегулированности и правового вакуума.

The article examines existing models of legal regulation of private detective activity (private investigation) in foreign countries – primarily in the European Union, the United States of America, and the CIS states. The study analyzes institutional and legal approaches ranging from strict state regulation with licensing and oversight to decentralized and fragmented systems. The main advantages and disadvantages of different models are identified. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of adapting foreign experience to Kazakhstan, with recommendations for introducing licensing, establishing a supervisory authority, integrating private detectives into the legal system, and ensuring compliance with international human rights standards. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that would legalize and control private investigations in Kazakhstan while avoiding both excessive regulation and legal vacuum.

частная детективная деятельностьчастный сысклицензированиеправовое регулированиепрофессиональный детективмеждународный опытКазахстанмодель регулированиячастная безопасностьprivate detective activityprivate investigationlicensinglegal regulationprofessional detectiveinternational experienceKazakhstanregulatory modelprivate securityReferencesMukhamadieva, G.N. Private Detective Work as a Guarantee of the Realization of Individual Rights and Freedoms in Criminal Proceedings / G.N. Mukhamadieva, Y.T. Alimkulov, A.A. Aryn // Bulletin of Law (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University). – 2021. – № 98 (2). – С. 84-92.Mukhamadieva, G.N. Private Detective Work as a Guarantee of the Realization of Individual Rights and Freedoms in Criminal Proceedings / G.N. Mukhamadieva, Y.T. Alimkulov, A.A. Aryn // Bulletin of Law (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University). – 2021. – № 98 (2). – S. 84-92.Sharipova, A. Legal Characteristics of Private Detective Activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan / A. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.